Navegando por Autor "Viol, Dalila Martins"

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    Entre o texto e o contexto: institucionalização dos programas de integridade no Brasil
    (Fundação João Pinheiro, 2019-12-09) Viol, Dalila Martins; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Meirelles, Anthero de Moraes; Nogueira, Roberto Henrique Pôrto
    Corruption is a multifaceted phenomenon, with worldwide incidence, the effects of which mobilize strategies for its control and prevention. This paper has as its theme integrity programs, which are considered by entities, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as the most effective contemporary way of confronting corruption. Contemporarily, in Brazil, they have multiplied both in private and public organizations, the former being better known as compliance programs. The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the institutionalization of integrity programs in Brazil. From a theoretical point of view, this particular research is justified as the theme is recent, as it is an object of conceptual conflicts and there are gaps in the academic production related to it. From a social point of view, the adoption and implementation of an integrity program requires investment of multiple resources by an organization, which has even created a market for integrity programs. In addition to public resources being invested, the Public Administration has been adopting integrity programs and promoting their adoption through private organizations, especially via legislation. By the same token, the discussion of the topic is extremely relevant due to the gravity and complexity of the problem that it proposes to face: corruption. The theoretical foundations used in this dissertation are based on the ideas of the new institutionalism. In the analysis of the phenomenon of the institutionalization of integrity programs, we chose, based on the case studies, the prisms of Tolbert and Zucker (1999), Peci (2016) and Scott (2014) together with DiMaggio and Powell (2005). As a background, the anti-corruption regulatory scenario was recaptured, as well as the prospects for corruption: the Weberian; the one related to the theory of public choice and the republican one. Methodologically, qualitative research was selected, through case studies, analyzing the integrity programs in six organizations of national relevance, members of the private sphere and of the direct and indirect Public Administration. Literature review, survey of legislation and secondary sources were conducted. The techniques used to collect data and evidence were: (i) documentary survey; (ii) perception of specialists obtained by participating in 16 events related to the theme of integrity; (iii) indepth interviews with four qualified informants; and (iv) study of six cases through 14 semistructured interviews, which were interpreted by the content analysis method. The survey's findings reveal that integrity programs are embedded in the republican perspective of corruption. The processes inherent to institutionalization described by Tolbert and Zucker (1999) indicate that four organizations surveyed are in the habitualization stage, while two others are in objectification and none in sedimentation of their integrity program. Similar analysis based on the steps of the integrity program allows us to state that none of them has an internalized culture of integrity. According to Peci (2006), what influenced the institutionalization of integrity programs in the institutional context were the market dynamics, the legislation and the effects of Operation Car Wash. In the organizational field, there was an influence of the organizational network, which, depending on the case, involved suppliers, shareholders, customers, holding, regulatory agencies, as well as public entities celebrating leniency agreements and Federal police. The internal structure of the organizations surveyed influenced the integrity programs as a result of several characteristics such as the size of the organization, the predominant professional group, founders' tutelage, characteristics of the staff and power disputes. The institutionalization process, from Scott's perspective (2014), reflects upon the influences of acceptance and reproduction of norms and values. The influence of legislation was verified in the regulatory pillars, notably in Law no. 12,846 / 2013 and the organizations' internal Code of Conduct; in the normative pillar, prominent incentives for the internalization of integrity programs were noticed through multiple strategies; and in the cognitive-cultural pillar, mimetic isomorphism was found, generally in the statements of exaltation of integrity and ethical conduct, arising from internal pressures in favor of an anticorruption discourse. Once, in this dissertation, integrity programs are analyzed based on the anti-corruption purpose, it is concluded that for these programs to achieve positive results in relation to their goal, it is necessary that the initial stages of the institutionalization process overcome the implementation of mechanisms and instruments connected with the cultural realignment of the organization, which promote the assimilation of the values and practices formalized in the documents by all members of the organization, so that they are applied to daily activities. The study collaborates with the technical and purposeful discussion related to corruption in the country through the analysis of integrity programs, providing as a practical implication on the reflection of the need for organizations to strengthen practices for the institutionalization of integrity programs in the sense of their sedimentation. In academic terms, the originality of the research is revealed in the discussion of a not much pursued studied topic and in the use of relevant theoretical and methodological tools. In social terms, the analysis of the phenomenon of corruption reinforces the urgency of the dissemination of mechanisms and instruments for prevention and containment, in line with the contemporary premises acclaimed by Brazilian society. Ultimately, it is suggested that further studies continue to analyze the institutionalization of integrity programs in order to verify their evolution and dissemination, as well as conduct research that verifies their effectiveness in relation to corruption.