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    Proteção social na América Latina: uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades e os limites do giro à esquerda
    (Fundação João Pinheiro, 2018-03-28) Santos, Emilene Kareline Marciano dos; Ladeira, Carla Bronzo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2040877413046909; Ladeira, Carla Bronzo; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Rocha, Carlos Alberto de Vasconcelos
    This dissertation studies Latin American social protection based on the verification of the implications of the left turn in Latin America to understand the elements that operate in the permanences and ruptures of the social protection models of the region. The regional heterogeneity and the differences in the constitution of social protection systems were considered for the hypothesis that the countries had different experiences of the left turn, limited by the institutionality of each model. Thus, the methodological instrument of this work consists of the study of the typologies about the region and the qualitative analysis from secondary sources about the public strategies implemented during the leftist governments. It also contains the historical, descriptive and analytical reconstruction of social protection systems in Latin America, with emphasis on the transformations that occurred at the new millennium in terms of the economic-productive matrix, political scenario and institutionality of the protection. The research shows that under the leftist orientation there was an increase in social public spending, the expansion of services and social benefits, the universalization of policies and programs, and the broadening of the concept of citizenship through the focus on rights. This was materialized in the improvement of the social indicators of inequality and poverty in countries considered as high, medium and low density of social protection. These results express the convergence of the economic-productive matrix favorable to the region, with state activism, commitments to the international agenda and, above all, to the innovative character brought by the left in the scope of protection: the orientation of public actions guided by the search for justice and social equality. In view of the 2008 Crisis and the indications of the deceleration of the left turn, this research makes considerations about the possibilities and limits of the turn around Latin America and reflects about the socioproductive directions that the region can take from now on. Finally, this dissertation considers that the political context matters for the studies of Latin American social protection and will give more robustness to the researches that incorporate it to the analyzes.