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Item Mudanças e culturas organizacionais diante de emergências em saúde : impactos e aprendizados da pandemia de covid-19 sob a percepção de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024) Magalhães, Nadine Daniele; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo CerqueiraThe covid-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, was the driver of countless social, economic, political and cultural changes in the daily lives of populations around the world. With millions of cases accumulated throughout the pandemic period, portraying one of the most challenging health emergencies of the 21st century, in Brazil, the health crisis required quick and efficient actions to avoid the collapse of the Unified Health System (SUS). Public health management, already complex, faced a sudden process of changing work protocols and strategic demands, exacerbating the pressure on health professionals and managers. In this context, the Primary Health Care (APS) network stood out as crucial for preventing injuries and reducing harm, being the main gateway to the health system in municipalities, coordinating comprehensive care and articulating with other levels of care to meet the population's health needs, in addition to helping to avoid unnecessary occupancy of hospital beds. Faced with this scenario of significant changes, the adaptation capacity of organizations is influenced by cultural assumptions shared by their members, determining situations of resistance or resilience to transformations. This panorama also highlights organizational learning processes by demonstrating the occurrence of cycles of reading and interpreting the environment, making decisions and evaluating mistakes and successes, until the incorporation of the latter into the organizational routine, relating to the change and construction of cultural aspects. Thus, the dissertation investigates the impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on public health management in Belo Horizonte, focusing on organizational transformations in the Primary Health Care network. The research focuses on the Belo Horizonte Municipal Health Secretariat (SMSA-BH), seeking to understand how the changes caused by the pandemic were assimilated and incorporated into organizational practices from the perspective of APS professionals, especially those who are part of groups of street-level bureaucrats and mid-level bureaucrats. The objectives of the study include identifying the effects of the pandemic on the routine of the organization's members, changes in organizational practices, the cultural elements that influenced these transformations and the learning consolidated and applied in a new health emergency in the municipality. It also sought to identify cultural similarities and differences between the two groups covered in the research, in order to analyze the possible subcultures present in the organization. The methodology adopted is based on a qualitative and exploratory case study, using data collected through literature review, documentary survey, questionnaires and semistructured interviews, using content analysis to interpret the perceptions of different groups within the institution. Reflections of changes were observed, especially in the level of overload and stress of professionals, in the informatization and management of work processes, in the dynamics of user care in Primary Care and in the forms of communication and integration between teams and levels of activity. Despite a collective cultural identity shared between the research groups focused on the organizational mission of saving lives, there was a distinction in perceptions and interpretations, influenced by cultural elements that relate to the particular characteristics of the levels of bureaucracy in which each group is found. It was also concluded that learning processes occurred in the organization during and after the pandemic, enhanced by greater dialogue, critical reflection and systemic thinking by professionals, resulting in the consolidation of practices that worked. It was possible to verify the application of learning from the pandemic due to the occurrence of a new health emergency during the research, this time concerning arboviruses, with the practices that proved to be efficient in the previous emergency being rescued. Among the limitations of the research, the lack of depth in the perceptions of street-level bureaucrats stands out due to the data collection instrument and the limited time for more detailed interviews. The time that has passed since the beginning and end of the pandemic and the coincidence with the arbovirus epidemic may also have influenced the professionals' perceptions. It is suggested that new studies explore the relationships between change, culture and organizational learning in other contexts, to verify the applicability of the results found and enable comparisons that enrich the understanding of these phenomena in different health organizations.Item A administração pública em contexto de crise : uma análise da aplicação da gestão de riscos no enfrentamento às crises e mitigação de efeitos em políticas públicas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024-03-26) Costa, Igor Martins da; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Carneiro, Ricardo; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Mário, Poueri do CarmoIn a scenario of growing global, regional and local crises, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, society is facing significant impacts. Governments have reacted with emergency measures to mitigate the negative effects. However, government policies, programs and actions, in addition to facing planning and execution challenges, also suffer from these external factors, which impact on the allocation of resources and the effectiveness of objectives. The Public Administration must look after the common good, ensuring that public policies are effective and benefit citizens, acting preventively to avoid discontinuity and failure in their results. With the advent of New Public Management, the administration has been modernized, absorbing corporate management practices from the private sector to improve its governance. Risk management, an important pillar in this process, applied in the development and implementation of public policies, can minimize their interruptions or discontinuities. This research focuses on the application of risk management in dealing with crises and mitigating the effects of public policies within the Executive Branch of the state of Minas Gerais, with the aim of understanding the challenges to their development in the state. While risk management aims to assess and act on potential threats, crisis management deals with manifest risks or damaging events. The study employs an exploratory qualitative methodology, linking risk management and crisis management in the formulation of public policies, focusing on the experience during the Covid-19 pandemic in Minas Gerais. The work includes a literature review, documentary research and individual interviews. The empirical analysis focused on the selection of strategic projects carried out by the state's executive branch. It is crucial that organizations develop competencies to manage risks and crises at all levels, and this should be thought of both ex ante and ex post in public policy. Although Minas Gerais is making progress in these matters, the challenges for institutionalization are broad, ranging from awareness of the relevance to effective integration into strategic actions and decisions. It is necessary to strengthen current practices and foster a culture of risk management to deal with crises, ensuring better results and the well-being of the population.