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Item O papel dos municípios mineiros no enfrentamento à mudança do clima : um diagnóstico exploratório(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Rodrigues, Júlia Espeschit; Barbosa, Lucio Otávio Seixas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0763986687709752; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio Seixas; Carneiro, Ricardo; Soares, Márcia Miranda; Oliveira, Wesley Matheus deClimate change has been an increasingly present topic in the agenda of governments around the world. Much has been said about the importance of the involvement of local spheres in dealing with the adverse effects of this change. However, the internalization and location of internationally agreed targets within the signatory countries are challenges to overcome. This research aims to contribute to its solution, elucidating the role of municipalities in facing the climate crisis in Brazil, specifically, in the State of Minas Gerais. To this end, the goals of the 2030 Agenda, which deals with the climate issue, and public policies, which are the responsibility of local governments (policy-decision-making instance) in Minas Gerais, were mapped, considering the intergovernmental relations of Brazilian federalism. In order to investigate the capability of municipalities from Minas Gerais to facing climate change, we selected indicators and carried out an exploratory data analysis using cluster methodology. The results suggested the formation of three groups of municipalities. According to each group performance, we can identify actions that should be adopted by municipal managements to better cope with the current climate crisis. Moreover, the results indicated that the geographical location, the size of the municipality or main economic activity do not account for the performance of municipal public management in the face of the challenges of climate change. The decision-making autonomy of municipal public management on issues relevant to facing the climate crisis puts the municipalities in a privileged position to embrace the ecological transition "without leaving anyone behind".Item A (in)efetividade do licenciamento ambiental da atividade de mineração de ferro no estado de Minas Gerais: uma análise das deliberações da Câmara de Atividades Minerárias do Conselho Estadual de Política Ambiental(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Catão, Camila Lopes Malveira; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Carneiro, Ricardo; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Santos, Raquel de Oliveira TeixeiraThe present research is dedicated to the analysis of the environmental licensing system for iron ore mining activities, conceived as a fundamental instrument of state regulation which, in turn, is intended to control the sector's economic activity and to promote environmental justice. Considering the current developmentalist economic policy and the relevance of mining activities for the state's economy, it is clear that environmental governance in Minas Gerais tends to accommodate demands from the business sector, which, supported by promises of promoting sustainable development and the consequent generation of employment and income, maintains the extractive model of mineral production that contributes to the perpetuation of the situation of economic dependence to which municipalities already heavily weakened by mining are subjected. In this context, it is important to highlight the intensification of conflicts and environmental injustices, due to the confrontation of interests between economic, state, and social agents. It is understood that the constitutive elements of such a problem are faithfully represented in the course of the decisionmaking processes regarding the granting of environmental licenses to iron ore extraction enterprises, in the scope of the Chamber of Mining Activities of the State Council of Environmental Policy of Minas Gerais (CMI/Copam). This deliberative arena brings together representatives of the state and business sectors, in addition to environmental movements that act in opposition to mining, in view of the environmentally degrading impacts imposed by the activity, disproportionately, on members of local communities. In this sense, an important tool for empirical analysis is the analysis of the minutes of the environmental permit analysis and deliberation sessions at the CMI, highlighting, through the analysis of the council members' manifestations, the nature of the perceptions and the rationalities that guide the decisions made, relating them to the interests that the segment represented on the Council defends. The data obtained point to the ineffectiveness of the environmental licensing system at CMI/Copam, revealing the institutional inability of environmental management in line with the 1988 Federal Constitution, the prevalence of economic and public-institutional arrangements and strategies aimed at facilitating the procedure for the benefit of business interests, practices that configure distinct forms of regulatory capture, the use of social contestation strategies as a form of opposition to mining. Finally, we conclude that the iron ore mining licensing system calls for reformulations in order to make the granting of licenses more rigorous, breaking with the prevailing developmentalist logic, which presupposes the granting of environmental licenses as a practically compulsory or automatic administrative act.