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Item Cem anos de políticas de drogas no Brasil: análise sob a ótica do Neoinstitucionalismo das ideias(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022-03-04) Silva, José Guilherme Magalhães e; Nascimento, Luis Felipe Zilli do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5043394873182841; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Horta, Frederico Gomes de Almeida; Ribeiro, Ludmila Mendonça LopesDecree 4,294/1921 inaugurated the Brazilian normative and institutional tradition of dealing with the production, supply and consumption of drugs in a punitive manner. A century later, the prohibition of a list of substances remains in force, being now backed by a sophisticated regulatory framework and supporting an institutional network dedicated to the governance of state responses. This dissertation sought to identify normative and institutional mechanisms responsible for the continuity of the prohibitionist model of drug control in Brazil. We resorted to content analysis of a vast documentary and bibliographic material, including laws, decrees, resolutions, conventions, ordinances, etc., from two theoretical perspectives: the Neoinstitutionalism of Ideas (or Construtivist Neoinstitutionalism) and Path Dependence, theories that provide interpretation keys to understand the dynamics of continuity and transformation of relatively stable institutions over time. The results showed that: i) Prohibitionism survived in the country thanks to its characteristics of ideational resilience, which includes its ability to adapt and absorb concepts from other political alternatives and its ability to avoid the success of antagonistic solutions on the political agenda (qualities that end up guaranteeing him survival, despite his own flaws); ii) in the spheres of Health and Public Security, the normative and institutional frameworks formed reflect ideas-force in harmony with the ideal of repression, such as the “medical-sanitary” model and the ideologies of “National Security”, “Social Defense” and of “Law and Order” (ideologies defended by different moral entrepreneurs); iii) although important, the institutional transformations that took place from the 1990s onwards (legislative provision of “Harm Reduction” approaches and the extrication of users), were restricted to the scope of the political solutions adopted; the broader ideas or frameworks that support them have remained untouched (repression continues to provide the main background for the political agenda), as has happened with intermediate-level ideas and frameworks (drug supply and consumption continue to be identified as political problems); iv) there is a current asymmetries of power in favor of agents favorable to criminalization and abstinence, consolidating an internal context that is not very favorable to the success of proposals to overcome Prohibitionism.Item A guarda municipal de Belo Horizonte no processo de descentralização da política de segurança pública para os municípios brasileiros(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2012-09-28) Silva, Laura Angélica Moreira; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves; Fonseca, Marcos Luiz Bretas daHaving the backdrop of the debate about the Brazilian federalism, this paper discuss the conformation and activity of the Municipal Guards in the country, in terms the public security policy proposed by the Union, and in specific character as the Municipal Guard of Belo Horizonte falls in this debate. The hypothesis that guides this it's that the provision of security, through the Municipal Guards, both nationally and in Belo Horizonte, is not an uniform action and mainly depends on the will of the local Executive and demands present in each municipality. The theoretical framework of this paper discusses federalism, decentralization, public security policy and Municipal Guards. As a method to achieve this goal, besides the literature review was conducted structured interviews with the managers and municipal guards who work in the Guard of Belo Horizonte and used secondary data to i) analyze the dispersion of the regions of the Municipal Guards federation and also by population, in order to characterize and analyze the training received, type of weapon used and the training commander and ii) analyze the interventions by the Municipal Guard of Belo Horizonte. The conclusion is that, even with positive and negative incentives proposed by the Union, the role of the Municipal Guard is quite discontinuous and heterogeneous in the country depending on the initiative of the mayor to institute and proceedwith this security policy at the municipal level. The Guard of Belo Horizonte follows the national scene and has a secondary role due to the absence of a demand itself, acting on the basis of a partnership mainly with the Military Police of Minas Gerais, in preventive, within the municipal services.Item Democratização do acesso à justiça: um estudo sobre a atuação extrajudicial das Defensorias Públicas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-26) Faustino, Marcella Raphaella; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Orsini , Adriana Goulart de SenaThe debate regarding the need to expand access to justice beyond access to the Judiciary has shown to be essential in both social and academic scopes. As known, a significant portion of the population can’t see their demands solved by judicial instances for a variety of factors, among which the uneven distribution of its agencies inside the national territory, the absence of financial resources and the lack of knowledge by the general public of their own rights stand out. The Public Defense has the mission of overcoming some of these difficulties. This institution, that strives to ensure the hyposufficient are granted access to justice, has the function of ensuring not only the access to judiciary instances but also the enforcement of rights and the solution of controversies outside them as well. Although it has a fundamental role in society’s transformation, the difficulties faced by the Public Defense in meeting all the demands directed at it are visible. Within this scenario, the institution, which is part of the Brazilian justice system, has sought to expand its collective operations and its extrajudicial operations. The current work focuses on analyzing the degree of importance that the State Public Defense, the Federal District Public Defense and the Union Public Defense have been giving to extrajudicial methods of conflict solving, ampliation and consolidation of rights and, consequently, how they have contributed to the democratization of access to justice. Starting from the national scenario, the current work aims to analyze the extrajudicial actuation of the state of Minas Gerais’s Public Defense, as a case study, looking to observe the similarities of its procedures with the rest of the Public Defenses along with its particularities. To start the research, a bibliographic survey on these themes was performed: access to justice, adequate conflict solving methodologies and constitution of Public Defense in Brazil. Posteriorly, aiming to construct an overview of the performance of Public Defense, a preliminary data collection on each Public Defense’s website and their respective Superior Schools’ websites was performed. Furthermore, data from publications made by the National Justice Council, the National Public Defenders Association and the Justice Forum were obtained. Based on the collected data, an open questionnaire was prepared and sent to all Public Defenses of the country. Moreover, a semi-structured interview script was employed to obtain data from the Public Defense of Minas Gerais, chosen as a case study because of its accessibility. Altogether 15 public defenders and the auxiliary coordinator of the Conciliation Center were interviewed. The obtained data suggest that despite the Public Defenses’ recognition of the importance of ampliation of their extrajudicial actions, they still don’t prioritize these activities. Therefore, these institutions can’t promote access to justice in its broad sense since their efforts are focused on their performance within legal procedures. It is noteworthy that the current interdisciplinary research has contributed to the debate regarding the panorama of access to justice in Brazil and how it has enlarged its inequalities. Furthermore, it collaborated for the discussions regarding the use of complementary means of conflict resolution. Finally, it has provided an overview of the employed methods and faced difficulties by the Brazilian Public Defenses, presenting relevant elements for the discussion surrounding the improvement of the offered services. Given the breadth of this theme, the difficulty accessing all the country’s Public Defenses’ data and the changes which these institutions go through, new studies are suggested regarding this theme, collecting further data, aiming to promote the constant debate regarding the actuation of these institutions.Item Capacidade estatal para gestão e implementação da proteção básica do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS): a elaboração de um índice gerencial sintético(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2011-07-27) Guimarães, Filipe Recch França; Guimarães, Alexandre Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850956320615888; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Castro, Maria Céres Pimenta SpínolaThis dissertation deals with the development of the State Capacity Index for implementation and management of the Protection of Basic Social Assistance (ICE-SUAS). This index aims to equip managers of public policy on social assistance with theoretical and practical tools that serve as a reference for investment in State capacity focused on social assistance. Therefore, it is discussed the federative relationship in Brazil, in order to clarify the relationship between the federal entities of the country. Understanding the Brazilian federalism is central to the analysis that proposes, for the Single Social Assistance System (SUAS) is a public policy designed by the federal government, coordinated and co-funded by the states and implemented by municipalities. The satisfactory performance of Public and Social Policy, especially in a context of administrative decentralization and political needs of certain institutional features. These characteristics are summarized in this work, for analytical purposes, State capacity, consisting of two dimensions capacity, namely Administrative Capacity and Capacity Policy. Higher scores of State capacity point to the greater probability of successful implementation and public policy management. After the design of the ICE-SUAS it is analyzed considering the dispersion in the state of Minas Gerais and the development of ITS in the state. The indicator is shown for all municipalities in the state and is tested the correlation between the HDI of municipalities in Minas Gerais and the score in the ICE-SUAS for 2009.Item Informalidade no mercado de trabalho: uma análise qualitativa com foco nos trabalhadores por conta própria(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2015-03-30) Almeida, Gustavo Garcia Vieira de; Guimarães, Alexandre Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850956320615888; Wanderley, Cláudio Burian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8883271568242398; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Leroy, FelipeThe Brazilian labor market is known for its high informality rates. Therefore, governments have sought to implement actions to reduce these rates. The National Statute of Micro and Small Businesses, implemented by the Simples Nacional, can be seen as a major attempts to solve this challenge. The Statute created the figure of the Microempreendedor Individual, reducing costs and providing benefits for its formalization. This study aimes to investigate the main motivations involved in informality and choice of self-employed to formalize. Thus, this paper discusses the concepts of informality, estimated its size in the Brazilian economy and review its causes and consequences. The search also presents the government incentives for small businesses formalization, with main focus to Microempreendedor Individual This category is investigated, identifying the gains brought to the Brazilian labor market and the main challenges that remain. From a qualitative analysis using questionnaires with self employed workers, it presents understand discussion aboutthe causes of the current membership of the MEI and additionally seek the opinion of the interviewees about the Brazilian institutions and what they still need to move forward.