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Item Capacidade estatal e políticas de promoção da igualdade racial: o caso brasileiro(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2017-03-24) Almeida, Gustavo Henrique Moreira Dias; Ladeira, Carla Bronzo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2040877413046909; Machado, José Ângelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9345341099863361; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220This study intends to analyze the aspects of the state capacity in the scope of the public politics of promotion of racial equality in Brazil. It is a historical approach to the perpetuation of social inequalities based on ethnic-racial relations, focusing on the role of the black movement's participation in the recognition of rights and state institutions in the process of producing the integrality necessary to approach ethnic inequality Racial discrimination in Brazil. The research has as reference frame the state capacities, represented by the administrative and political capacity, and its operational attributes as a way to visualize the public policies of promotion of racial equality. The attributes used were: coordination, flexibility, innovation, sustainability, Evaluation, legitimacy and equity. After documentary analysis and interviews with the former leaders involved in the construction of state capacities, the aim was to identify the conditions of state capacity for the production of policy and management of public policies, emphasizing the advances and challenges found in the policy of promoting racial equality In Brazil from 2003 to 2015. The purpose is to understand the trajectory of struggles for recognition of a portion of the Brazilian population, materialized at the state level through a specific institutional arrangement. Understanding this process of building state capacities in this field of public policies was the central objective of the research. In the end, it was shown that many advances were made in the area of racial equality, however, directly proportional, it was also evident that the more advanced, the more a counterforce was to maintain the existing status quo. Discrimination and any structure created and articulated to maintain hierarchy among races were so entrenched in Brazilian institutions that, throughout the development of state capacities, the Brazilian state encountered difficulties in promoting racial equality as an institutionalized public policy. This finding was made clear by the fact that the former leaders reported the difficulties in putting in place programmed actions.Item Descentralização e gestão de políticas públicas de segurança pública em nível local no Brasil: análise da agenda de desafios e potencialidades da implementação de políticas de segurança cidadã em municípios mineiros à luz do neoinstitucionalismo(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2019-03-26) Andrade, Rafael Lara Mazoni; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Souza, Letícia Godinho; Sapori, Luis FlávioIn the global state reform movement, many transformations have been implemented in an unthinking way or based on formalisms. In Brazil, there has been a relative success in the decentralization of certain public policies, such as public health, education and welfare. However, public security policies led by local levels of government are finding strong frictions engendered by multiple difficulties in implementing public policies. This paper discusses the potentialities and obstacles that the decentralization process in five different municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte brings. In order to do so, we analyzed their organizational structure, public policies and problem solving skills at local level. Tangentially, we also analyzed the adherence of the content of their public policies to the agenda advocated by the paradigm of citizen security, considered an important conceptual and practical framework for public safety management at local level. In addition to the bibliographical review, we used a systematic study based on the documentary analysis about the management of public policies of public security at local level, based on scientific and academic works, work plans, municipal safety plans, virtual sites, booklets, budget pieces, among others. Still, as a way to strengthen the findings of this documentary analysis, guaranteeing greater reliability to the study, we also used other procedures and research techniques. To do this, in order to obtain information that would not be accessible only through bibliographic research, we analyzed results of interviews and a systematic observation of meetings related to the management of public safety policies at local level. From the observations made in the field and the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to strengthen systematized knowledge from the bibliographic review, responding to the gaps cited by Pollitt (2005) and Ballesteros (2014), for whom the literature on decentralization is limited and devoid of applications in specific sectors, since decentralization has different implications in different places and contexts. The findings of this research are able to corroborate each of the obstacles and possibilities described by the literature on decentralization, applying nuances and vicissitudes of the management of public policies in the field of public security. The imbalances of interests, uncertainties of roles and frictions between actors add to the fragmentations engendered by discontinuities in the political-electoral process and to inequalities and capacity deficits to result in the obstacles mentioned by the bibliography. Finally, in the list of potentialities for decentralization, we analyzed the increment of scale adjustment, the possibility of adopting innovations and the greater proximity between governors and governed, which would allow greater and deeper social participation in the government activity. In addition, the results of the analysis reinforce the potential of applying the lens of neo-institutionalism and its theories to the reality reading of public sector organizations, as was done for the study of isomorphisms and path dependence. In the field of security at local level, it was possible to observe that (i) organizations incorporate externally legitimized practices, which occurs regardless of the efficiency they produce, but from the assumption of adequacy - which would generate legitimacy to strengthen their support and enable their survival; (ii) organizations adopt external or ceremonial evaluation criteria to define organizational structure values, in order to present their supposed adequacy to the environment, which increases their internal power; and (iii) dependence on the organization of external institutions would lead to the reduction of conflicts and greater stability, from guaranteeing support, protection against turbulence and damping of change. It is also possible to confirm several of the predictors of institutionalization described by DiMaggio and Powell (2005), especially regarding the greater presence of isomorphisms in the ambiguity of goals and roles given to an organization - as in the case of municipal secretariats and civil guards - , which makes them conform to other successful organizations - which in most cases happens to be PM - because organizations with ambiguous goals rely more on appearances to legitimize, as well as engendering a cushioning of conflicts.