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Item Educação infantil pública e privada na RMBH: uma análise a partir do Censo Escolar 2014(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2016-03-31) Ferreira, Rinara Passos Oliveira; Ferreira, Frederico Poley Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1448397981510363; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Riani, Juliana Lucena RuasEarly childhood education is the first stage of basic education and pre-school is the first universal and mandatory stage in the educational process of the child. It is a right secured to the child in the Federal Constitution of 1988, and also was object in the Planos Nacionais de Educação 2000 and 2014. At the same time, early childhood education should be seen as a public policy which impacts on women entering in the job market and, consequently, the financial autonomy of the family in which the woman and child are included. This work is part of the context of changing perspective provided by the public sector to early childhood education, with changes in legislation that elevate the importance of this educational stage, through FUNDEB funding, by including the step as part of the national basic education and through mandatory attendance at pre-school for children of 4 and 5 years. However, by the analysis of the regulatory frameworks, you can see that does not exist in the country a consolidated and well-designed policy of early childhood education. With several different formats of educational system, municipalities are the main responsible for the provision of the service. In this context, the study aimed to investigate the early childhood education offered in the Belo Horizonte Great Area (RMBH) regarding coverage and aspects of quality of this offer. Mainly of those aspects are available in the Censo Escolar 2014. For this, was used two main classifications of data grouping: by type of management of the educational institution and the cities. The analysis was based on the variables of school attendance, infrastructure, teachers graduation level, composition of groups, financing and public spending. From the results for RMBH, the coverage of kindergarten was shown to be directly related to municipal spending, a fact that was not repeated for pre-school, where coverage was not significantly related to municipal spending. About the offer quality in early childhood education in RMBH, the data points to flaws in the three types of management formats. However this is not conclusive to present which type of management is better. Comparing the data by municipality, there was no single standard to analyze the performance of schools among the various aspects, sometimes standing out a group of municipalities, then another, being so reckless a single classification of correlation of the variables. However, we sought to the maximum, extract information that contributes to the purpose of this study.Item Descentralização e gestão de políticas públicas de segurança pública em nível local no Brasil: análise da agenda de desafios e potencialidades da implementação de políticas de segurança cidadã em municípios mineiros à luz do neoinstitucionalismo(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2019-03-26) Andrade, Rafael Lara Mazoni; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Souza, Letícia Godinho; Sapori, Luis FlávioIn the global state reform movement, many transformations have been implemented in an unthinking way or based on formalisms. In Brazil, there has been a relative success in the decentralization of certain public policies, such as public health, education and welfare. However, public security policies led by local levels of government are finding strong frictions engendered by multiple difficulties in implementing public policies. This paper discusses the potentialities and obstacles that the decentralization process in five different municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte brings. In order to do so, we analyzed their organizational structure, public policies and problem solving skills at local level. Tangentially, we also analyzed the adherence of the content of their public policies to the agenda advocated by the paradigm of citizen security, considered an important conceptual and practical framework for public safety management at local level. In addition to the bibliographical review, we used a systematic study based on the documentary analysis about the management of public policies of public security at local level, based on scientific and academic works, work plans, municipal safety plans, virtual sites, booklets, budget pieces, among others. Still, as a way to strengthen the findings of this documentary analysis, guaranteeing greater reliability to the study, we also used other procedures and research techniques. To do this, in order to obtain information that would not be accessible only through bibliographic research, we analyzed results of interviews and a systematic observation of meetings related to the management of public safety policies at local level. From the observations made in the field and the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to strengthen systematized knowledge from the bibliographic review, responding to the gaps cited by Pollitt (2005) and Ballesteros (2014), for whom the literature on decentralization is limited and devoid of applications in specific sectors, since decentralization has different implications in different places and contexts. The findings of this research are able to corroborate each of the obstacles and possibilities described by the literature on decentralization, applying nuances and vicissitudes of the management of public policies in the field of public security. The imbalances of interests, uncertainties of roles and frictions between actors add to the fragmentations engendered by discontinuities in the political-electoral process and to inequalities and capacity deficits to result in the obstacles mentioned by the bibliography. Finally, in the list of potentialities for decentralization, we analyzed the increment of scale adjustment, the possibility of adopting innovations and the greater proximity between governors and governed, which would allow greater and deeper social participation in the government activity. In addition, the results of the analysis reinforce the potential of applying the lens of neo-institutionalism and its theories to the reality reading of public sector organizations, as was done for the study of isomorphisms and path dependence. In the field of security at local level, it was possible to observe that (i) organizations incorporate externally legitimized practices, which occurs regardless of the efficiency they produce, but from the assumption of adequacy - which would generate legitimacy to strengthen their support and enable their survival; (ii) organizations adopt external or ceremonial evaluation criteria to define organizational structure values, in order to present their supposed adequacy to the environment, which increases their internal power; and (iii) dependence on the organization of external institutions would lead to the reduction of conflicts and greater stability, from guaranteeing support, protection against turbulence and damping of change. It is also possible to confirm several of the predictors of institutionalization described by DiMaggio and Powell (2005), especially regarding the greater presence of isomorphisms in the ambiguity of goals and roles given to an organization - as in the case of municipal secretariats and civil guards - , which makes them conform to other successful organizations - which in most cases happens to be PM - because organizations with ambiguous goals rely more on appearances to legitimize, as well as engendering a cushioning of conflicts.