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Item Análise de duas parcerias público-privadas em Belo Horizonte a partir da ótica da gestão pública: educação e iluminação pública(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2019-03-27) Araujo Filho, Antonio Pereira de; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Baêta , Adelaide Maria Coelho; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves daPublic administration in Brazil has gone through several crises, which became more explicit after the democratic return post-1988’s Constitution. However, its democratic and social bias did not address either the fiscal question or the coordination of the various federated entities. Disorganized actions appear in an effort to reduce the State, such as the beginning of the privatization process in the early 1990s. In 1995, a process of State reform begins, with a closer view of the market, appropriated from the British model of New Public Management, which here is known as managerial reform or Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Among the results of this reform came the social organizations, regulatory agencies and a reformulation of the process of public service concessions to private initiative. In this wake, at the beginning of the 21st century, Public-Private Partnerships emerged, special concession models where the State is responsible for part of the concessionaire's remuneration (Sponsored Concession - when the user's fee is not enough for the service) or by its totality (Administrative Concession - the State bears the totality of costs, when it is not possible or allowed to charge the users). In this study, we analyze two Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) carried out by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte: one in the area of childhood education (unprecedented in Brazil) and the other in the area of Street Lighting, that can provide an infrastructure for a smart city system. These are two PPPs at different stages of evolution, and they show how the State should behave and how it may learn from its failures and successes so that PPP can act in the real interest of society.Item Dilemas federativos e construção de capacidades em nível local : uma análise dos fatores associados ao FUNDEB na educação infantil(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-19) Ferreira, Victor Barcelos; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084604177044476; Riani, Juliana de Lucena Ruas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9989788828773610; Riani, Juliana de Lucena Ruas; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Carneiro, Ricardo; Machado, José ÂngeloThis research aimed to explore the educational inequality issue and its relation with dilemmas that occur as a consequence of federative pact and its distribution of educational responsibilities. Inside this area, the main object will be analyzed it is the Fund for the Development of Basic Education and Appreciation of the Teaching Profession (Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação – Fundeb) and its factors associated to early childhood education. Two key points sight this research, which is: the effectiveness of Fundeb to create incentives to the municipalities to extend the free early childhood education access in Brazil, and, related to this, the capacity to promote a more equitable system. First, it was analyzed the current situation of early childhood education in Brazil and Brazilian regions. Secondly, the research investigates the effects which educational fund policy may have influenced in infrastructural power on early childhood education attend. Here, it is considering the capacity of the state to penetrate its territories and provide public goods as the definition of infrastructural power. Therefore, the research explored the expansion of municipal early childhood education schools in the state of Minas Gerais. The evidences point to the institutional framework, which Fundeb is included in, induces to ambiguous incentives, since it produces different results between kindergarten and preschool, when both are compared to each other. Besides this, the findings of this research suggest that the redistribution mechanisms can reinforce inequalities, either in horizontal and vertical levels, then weakening the low technical and financial capacity municipalities and, on the other hand, strengthening the other ones. In the same way, the fact of every fund operates only in the state level, embracing municipalities and its state government, can prejudice low fiscal capacity, and even with the Union complementation, the arrangement did not show to be effective to promote equality results in educational access around the country. This research aims to show gains and losses produced by early childhood education insertion in educational policy, to then, make room for suggestions to the redesign in order to improve the incentives are set.