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Item Integridade, compliance e anticorrupção: as empresas estatais e o estado da arte(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-31) Caldeira, Marcos Guilherme Nunes; Dufloth, Simone Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6166815079725368; Dufloth, Simone Cristina; Wanderley, Cláudio Burian; Magalhães, Tiago FantiniIn a moment of reconstruction of the institutional place of state companies, tainted by the recent fraud and corruption scandals, the promotion of integrity and compliance has been highlighted in the State's solutions agenda. Issued in this context, the State-owned Companies Law brings to live a complex corporate governance arrangement, introducing a true system of integrity, compliance and anti-corruption. In this sense, and with the broader purpose of contributing to the improvement of the Brazilian integrity institutional environment, this study aimed to analyze the system of integrity, compliance and anti-corruption introduced by the Law of Stateowned Companies in the light of the international best practices, taking as a reference the guidelines established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). As a result, it was observed that the Law of State-owned Companies presents a considerable degree of convergence in view of the evaluated good practices, having introduced in the Brazilian legal system a normative arrangement of integrity, compliance and anticorruption, which moves towards what could be consider the 'state of the art'. On the other hand, despite substantially adhering to the transnational recommendations, the law still presents gaps and omissions in at least three perspectives: integrated risk management; internal controls, ethics and compliance; and autonomy of state-owned companies and their decision-making bodies. The results of the research point to a propositional agenda for future studies, with a focus on investigating the alternatives for improving the Law of State-owned Companies and the Brazilian institutional environment, based on the gaps and flaws identified. On the other hand, it also points to an agenda of applied studies, devoted to investigating and understanding the challenges of the law implementation and its concrete results in the universe of state-owned companiesItem A adoção da Agenda 2030 e de seus Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) no planejamento das políticas públicas em Belo Horizonte/MG(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024) Andrade, Gustavo de; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4666930977365902; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Carneiro, Ricardo; Andion, Maria Carolina MartinezThe theme of this paper is the adoption of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in municipal public policy planning. The literature review starts with the evolution of the concept of development over time, highlighting its initial association with economic growth and subsequent expansion to include environmental and social concerns, becoming associated with the idea of sustainability. Issues relating to the dilemmas of public planning and the experience of observatories, seen as a source of data and information, were also discussed. The research carried out was justified by the universal nature of the SDGs, since the 17 goals defined were the result of a wide-ranging discussion in a highly qualified arena, with several member states of the United Nations. In light of the recent topic and bearing in mind that the 2030 agenda is halfway through its implementation, there has been a lack of research and publications examining a concrete experience of using the SDGs aligned with a municipality's planning instruments. The work carried out aims to fill this gap, while at the same time providing a benchmark for other entities that may wish to use the SDGs as a guide for strategic programs and actions. The experience of Belo Horizonte City Hall in the field of planning, together with its history of monitoring through a local observatory, provided the data and information that made this work possible. The methodological procedure was qualitative research, using a selected case study. The techniques used were a document survey, direct observation and 8 semistructured interviews. A content analysis was carried out in order to structure the discussion around dimensions of analysis and categories. The main findings of the research reveal the existence of a unique, long-standing experience, recognized internally and externally, especially from the point of view of producing and making available data and information and establishing a collaborative network. From a formal commitment to UN-Habitat, it was possible to see that the SDG agenda was institutionalized in the municipality's planning, generating positive repercussions. The points to be improved in the experience lie in broadening social participation and more systematized appropriation of the information generated for the core of municipal public policies. It is recommended that studies be carried out on the effective measurement of the performance of one or more SDGs in a given entity, as a way of verifying progress, achievements and stagnation.Item O controle interno de pequenos municípios, na perspectiva de seus responsáveis, e sua relação com o Tribunal de Contas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Bonfante, Giovanna; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Carneiro, Ricardo; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Ferreira, Diogo RibeiroThis research sought to ‘give voice’ to counties internal controllers with less than 10,000 (ten thousand) inhabitants, to know, in depth, the realities and state capabilities of these federative entities and, to verify how, in fact, these entities works and to understand, from the perspective of its responsibles, how the role of the Court of Auditors and its requirements for counties internal controls are perceived. On the other hand, it tried to see the understanding of Court of Accounts actions by the counties representative’s point of view. Finally, it investigated the possibility of partnerships between internal and external controls. To unveil all these questions, internal controls of small counties and Court of Auditors of Minas Gerais State were taken as the object of this research. Furthermore, a qualitative approach was used, having formulated and tested 6 (six) research hypotheses, supported by theories of state capabilities, neoinstitutionalism, and interorganizational networks. The research findings revealed that entities studied do not have sufficient state capacity to meet the requested requirements; that these lacks capabilities are disregarded by the current legal system, by influential organizations in the field and by the Court of Accounts; that the dependency of Court of Auditors' trajectory was confirm, where despite of being focused on pedagogical actions regarding internal control, the Court did not kept distance from its supervisory role; that was also possible to verify the requirements of reciprocity, trust, and coherence, found in the theory of interorganizational networks, may indeed be present in eventual partnerships between external and internal controls.Item A litigância judicial habitual do Estado de Minas Gerais em face de seus agentes públicos, por controvérsias decorrentes de remuneração: estudo do fenômeno e suas causas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-27) Couto, Matheus Fernandes Figueiredo; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084604177044476; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Carneiro, Ricardo; Franco, Marcelo VeigaThe excessive judicialization of life in the current Brazilian society leads us to observe a crisis in the judiciary, in which too many demands are submitted to its scrutiny, and unsatisfactory results returned to society. This is a multicausal phenomenon, and the existence of players (litigants) habitual in the justice system, understood as individuals who obtain comparative advantages in the use of the judiciary in repetitive and serial form, one of its faces. In this context, it is observed that Brazilian public organizations are invariably the largest litigants in the national jurisdiction. In another turn, it should also be noted that national public organizations are essentially bureaucratic and, as such, subject to the typical dysfunctions of their structural model, among which stand out the aversion to change. The aversion to reform can be especially understood from the complexity of the decision-making process within bureaucratic organizations, which, on many occasions, evades rationality, presenting itself as a "garbage can". What was proposed in this paper was the observation of a specific theme with great repercussion in number of lawsuits involving the Executive Power of the State of Minas Gerais, namely; the judicial conflict between State (Executive) and its public agents for remuneration issues. Therefore, this excessive litigation was considered a problem in order to analyze whether the public behaves as a habitual litigant (or repeat player) in the face of its public agents, in the dispute for remuneration, as well as explanations (rational or not) for this behavior. Thus, the following hypothesis was tested: The State of Minas Gerais behaves like a habitual litigant (or repeat player) in the judicial conflict in front of its agents for remuneration, deliberately sending the disputes to the Judiciary, when it could revolve or prevent them by administrative means. This behavior is not only explained by the advantages that a repeat player hypothetically has in the serial judicialization of conflicts, but is influenced, in particular, by the high complexity of the decision making process in the bureaucratic organization, fact that imposes immobility due to resistance to the organizational changes necessary for the selfcomposed or preventive management of these disputes.Item A atenção secundária à saúde na pandemia da COVID-19 em Minas Gerais: uma análise empírica da resposta do SUS no enfrentamento dos casos graves(2023) Sousa, Josimary Conceição de; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio Seixas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0763986687709752; Ferreira Júnior, Sílvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7789533222493903; Ferreira Júnior, Sílvio; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio Seixa; Fahel, Murilo Cássio Xavier; Maia, Denise Helena França Marques; Pereira, Danielle Ramos de MirandaIn an unprecedented and unexpected crisis situation like the COVID-19 pandemic, the sudden increase in acute health cases arising from an unknown disease further exacerbates the problems caused by limited resources dedicated to public health services. In the case of Brazil, the challenge has been even greater due to its vast territorial extension, as well as the complexity of its healthcare system, structured in a federative context where the effectiveness is conditioned to its governance capacity as established constitutionally. In a historical context of regional inequalities, the microregional coverage capacity in the management of severe cases depends on the configuration of regionalization of healthcare networks in each state, which is influenced by structural heterogeneities [availability of physical, human, and financial resources], governance capacity [capacity of governance in the collegiate instances of discussion and decision-making], as well as socioeconomic and demographic differences [social determinants of health] among the different microregions of the state. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the responsiveness of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the state of Minas Gerais in addressing severe cases of COVID-19, specifically with regard to medium-complexity hospital services. Using a quantitative methodological approach based on the Performance Evaluation Dimensions Matrix of the Health System The results demonstrated that the system responded with an increase in financial investments and an equitable increase in bed capacity, directing more beds to microregions that had a higher number of deaths. Furthermore, the healthcare structure showed improved performance with an increase in beds in microregions with higher resolvability, which positively impacted health conditions by reducing the number of deaths.Item Participação social na elaboração dos instrumentos de planejamento e orçamento em Minas Gerais: uma análise das emendas de participação cidadã no período de 2012 - 2019(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-30) Mourão, Sarah Cristina de Sales; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4666930977365902; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Carneiro, Ricardo; Dufloth, Simone Cristina; Teodósio, Armindo dos Santos de SousaThis paper analyzes the effectiveness of public hearings for participatory discussion of the Plano Plurianual de Ação Governamental (PPAG) e da Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) of the state of Minas Gerais, in the period 2012-2019. Through them, civil society deliberates and constructs Propostas de Alteração Legislativa (PLEs) that can be converted into amendments of citizen participation that will directly influence the planning of public policies and the allocation of public resources. The evaluated effects concern the constituent elements of public hearings, which are reflected in its institutional design, rules and operating procedures. In addition, the level of institutionalization, participation and representation of these spaces was verified, as well as the administrative capacity of the Executive Power to implement the amendments of citizen participation arising from this process. For that, an applied research was developed, with a quali-quanti approach and with descriptive and exploratory objectives. The technical procedures used to carry out the research were the case study, the bibliographic research and the documentary research. The results found point out that the public hearings of participatory discussion are hybrid Instituições Participativas (IPs), fitting into the list of planning, resource allocation and monitoring IPs. They are considered peripheral or contestation spaces, in which the criteria and mechanisms of access and participation are contingent symmetric selectivity. The institutional design adopted is from the bottom up. They have a high level of institutionalization. Regarding participation and representation, it was found that the number of subscribers is always higher than the number of participants, but that both vary over the years, with periods of decline and rise. This trend was also observed in relation to the participating institutions, with the predominance of institutions representing civil society. Regarding the target audience of actions contemplated as amendments to citizen participation, there is a predominance of segments that position themselves in subordinate positions. Finally, regarding the administrative capacity to implement amendments to citizen participation, the absence of an objective rule for the definition of the values assigned to these amendments, the predominant allocation in the functions education, social assistance, agriculture and public security, the low effectiveness in budget execution and the low representativeness of the programmed and executed amounts compared to the state fiscal budget.Item Mudanças e culturas organizacionais diante de emergências em saúde : impactos e aprendizados da pandemia de covid-19 sob a percepção de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024) Magalhães, Nadine Daniele; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo CerqueiraThe covid-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, was the driver of countless social, economic, political and cultural changes in the daily lives of populations around the world. With millions of cases accumulated throughout the pandemic period, portraying one of the most challenging health emergencies of the 21st century, in Brazil, the health crisis required quick and efficient actions to avoid the collapse of the Unified Health System (SUS). Public health management, already complex, faced a sudden process of changing work protocols and strategic demands, exacerbating the pressure on health professionals and managers. In this context, the Primary Health Care (APS) network stood out as crucial for preventing injuries and reducing harm, being the main gateway to the health system in municipalities, coordinating comprehensive care and articulating with other levels of care to meet the population's health needs, in addition to helping to avoid unnecessary occupancy of hospital beds. Faced with this scenario of significant changes, the adaptation capacity of organizations is influenced by cultural assumptions shared by their members, determining situations of resistance or resilience to transformations. This panorama also highlights organizational learning processes by demonstrating the occurrence of cycles of reading and interpreting the environment, making decisions and evaluating mistakes and successes, until the incorporation of the latter into the organizational routine, relating to the change and construction of cultural aspects. Thus, the dissertation investigates the impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on public health management in Belo Horizonte, focusing on organizational transformations in the Primary Health Care network. The research focuses on the Belo Horizonte Municipal Health Secretariat (SMSA-BH), seeking to understand how the changes caused by the pandemic were assimilated and incorporated into organizational practices from the perspective of APS professionals, especially those who are part of groups of street-level bureaucrats and mid-level bureaucrats. The objectives of the study include identifying the effects of the pandemic on the routine of the organization's members, changes in organizational practices, the cultural elements that influenced these transformations and the learning consolidated and applied in a new health emergency in the municipality. It also sought to identify cultural similarities and differences between the two groups covered in the research, in order to analyze the possible subcultures present in the organization. The methodology adopted is based on a qualitative and exploratory case study, using data collected through literature review, documentary survey, questionnaires and semistructured interviews, using content analysis to interpret the perceptions of different groups within the institution. Reflections of changes were observed, especially in the level of overload and stress of professionals, in the informatization and management of work processes, in the dynamics of user care in Primary Care and in the forms of communication and integration between teams and levels of activity. Despite a collective cultural identity shared between the research groups focused on the organizational mission of saving lives, there was a distinction in perceptions and interpretations, influenced by cultural elements that relate to the particular characteristics of the levels of bureaucracy in which each group is found. It was also concluded that learning processes occurred in the organization during and after the pandemic, enhanced by greater dialogue, critical reflection and systemic thinking by professionals, resulting in the consolidation of practices that worked. It was possible to verify the application of learning from the pandemic due to the occurrence of a new health emergency during the research, this time concerning arboviruses, with the practices that proved to be efficient in the previous emergency being rescued. Among the limitations of the research, the lack of depth in the perceptions of street-level bureaucrats stands out due to the data collection instrument and the limited time for more detailed interviews. The time that has passed since the beginning and end of the pandemic and the coincidence with the arbovirus epidemic may also have influenced the professionals' perceptions. It is suggested that new studies explore the relationships between change, culture and organizational learning in other contexts, to verify the applicability of the results found and enable comparisons that enrich the understanding of these phenomena in different health organizations.Item Trajetórias venezuelanas: o processo de integração em Belo Horizonte(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020-03-31) Miranda, Uiara Lopes; Ladeira, Carla Bronzo; Ladeira, Carla Bronzo; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Leão, Augusto Veloso; Jarochinski, João CarlosIn recent years, the theme of forced migration and refuge has been reaching Brazil with greater intensity. The experience with the reception of Haitians, Syrians and, more recently, Venezuelans, has put pressure on brazilian institutions to respond quickly and in line with internal rules. With the migratory flow of Venezuelans, Brazil sought to institutionalize a response through “Acolhida Operation” or “Operation Welcome”, a federal government task force involving multiple actors, with a focus on emergency reception, shelter and interiorization (voluntary displacement to other brazilian states) of Venezuelans. Interiorization, which is taking center stage in “Acolhida Operation”, has delegated the task of protecting and welcoming Venezuelans to the cities, which also face their own challenges. In this research, we sought to carry out a qualitative analysis of the phenomenon of local integration of immigrants and refugees, through semi-structured interviews with Venezuelans living in Belo Horizonte, and also with actors who participated in the process. The analyzes of the collected reports were carried out based on structural, civil and socio-cultural aspects, dimensions captured in the literature that addresses the theme. It also sought to understand how policies and regulations developed globally and locally, for the protection of immigrants and refugees; and to show the responses to welcome, protect and integrate displaced persons in their host communities. With this, it is expected to contribute to the study of the theme in the Brazil, bringing subsidies for the development of public policies and for the clarification of the theme, to understand the Brazilian society itself, which also changes with the people who arrive. Brazil has a long historical path, in terms of migratory, discriminatory and protectionist policies, and this is reflected in an institutional lack of preparation to deal with the issue of migration. Institutional spaces are scarce and there are no adequate public policies that make possible some aspects of the local integration of immigrants and refugees, this role being then delegated to other institutions - such as religious and humanitarian aid. People or groups with limited rights and opportunities can integrate in different ways, which can lead to disadvantages and marginalization. Venezuelan displacement presents itself as a historic opportunity to expand the range of knowledge about Refuge in Brazil, presenting opportunities for future studies not covered in this research, such as the indigenous Refuge, the political dimension of the integration process and the articulation of federated and local entities that are still recent and need further study.Item Efeitos do marco regulatório do setor portuário instituído pela Lei n° 12.815 na atração de investimentos para a construção de instalações portuárias privadas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2023) Glória, Igor Ribeiro da; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0763986687709752; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio Seixas; Guimarães, Alexandre Queiroz; Rocha, Carlos Henrique MarquesThe port infrastructure exploration sector is a market in which the state participates, providing the structure, making direct investments or exercising the regulation of activities carried out by private agents. In Brazil, until the enactment of Law No. 12.815, of 2013, the commercial exploitation of a port facility was authorized only to be carried out within the limits of public ports. However, since then, private agents has been allowed to build ports to mainly exploit it commercially, offering port services to anyone interested in moving cargo. This ammendent in the legislation aimed to attract private investment to the sector, thus contributing to reduce the existing port infrastructure deficit in the country. The present work evaluated the private investments carried out during the period from 2013 to 2022 in private port facilities, authorized by the public sector to expand or to be built after the new regulatory framework. We retrieve data from Antaq's administrative processes authorizing ng investment in port terminals, as well as information contained in reports from the regulatory agency and data published by the National Treasury. The results indicated that the authorized port facilities that were expanded or built were located especially in places where barriers to entry were lower, such as on the banks of inland waterways or, in the case of maritime facilities, where there was already the infrastructure to waterway access managed by some agent, such as the Port Authorities of organized ports. It was also verified that the authorized companies to construct port terminals with investments in excess of R$1 billion, updated to September/2021, have had difficulties in getting these projects off the ground, which could affect the sectoral planning of such infrastructure sector.Item Coordenação e colaboração nos serviços de bombeiro : uma abordagem da experiência das brigadas municipais em Minas Gerais(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024-03-27) Carvalho, Elen Roberta Costa; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Carneiro, Ricardo; Carneiro, Ricardo; Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; Silva, Gustavo MeloThe contemporary era is characterized by global risks and threats stemming from modernization and progress, shaping the risk society according to Beck's perspective (2010). These challenges, referred to as "wicked problems" by Rittel and Webber (1973), require integrated and multidisciplinary approaches. In this context, fire services play a crucial role in managing uncertainties, which sometimes materialize as disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kiss nightclub fire, the consequences of seasonal climate extremes, and technological accidents like the Brumadinho dam collapse. Emphasizing the importance of decentralized public policies in the context of Brazilian federalism as a means of governmental action. In this panorama, this study explores, under the broader idea of "New" Governance, as defined by Peters (2018) as a set of adaptations of political and administrative activities to changes in the environment in pursuit of collective objectives. It underscores the need for adaptation in the public sector, focusing on the partnership between the Military Fire Department of Minas Gerais (CBMMG) and municipalities, materialized through a public agreement for the installation of Municipal Brigades. This arrangement, initiated in response to the “Kiss Law” (2017), between CBMMG, constitutionally responsible for coordinating and executing civil defense actions, and municipalities, represents an adaptation to the mentioned social, environmental and tecnolgical complexity, budgetary constraints, and the need to increase the coverage of fire services to more municipalities in Minas Gerais. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive approach and the triangulation of various research methods—including literature and document review, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and direct observation—the study investigates, through multiple case studies and content analysis, the coordination mechanisms, instruments, and barriers in the sharing of fire services for the municipal brigades of Astolfo Dutra, Itabirito, and Ipanema. The findings highlight the predominantly hierarchical and network-based hybrid nature of coordination mechanisms, as well as the existence of both literal and theoretical replication among brigades. Additionally, the study identifies the cross-sectoral nature of public policies interacting with fire services, including public safety, civil defense, health, and environmental policies, as well as the diversity of existing service models. For its thematic originality, the study for contributes to the understanding of the interaction between the sociology of risks, disasters, and governance, expanding the discussion on coordination and collaboration beyond the fields of health and education.