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Item O controle interno de pequenos municípios, na perspectiva de seus responsáveis, e sua relação com o Tribunal de Contas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Bonfante, Giovanna; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Carneiro, Ricardo; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Ferreira, Diogo RibeiroThis research sought to ‘give voice’ to counties internal controllers with less than 10,000 (ten thousand) inhabitants, to know, in depth, the realities and state capabilities of these federative entities and, to verify how, in fact, these entities works and to understand, from the perspective of its responsibles, how the role of the Court of Auditors and its requirements for counties internal controls are perceived. On the other hand, it tried to see the understanding of Court of Accounts actions by the counties representative’s point of view. Finally, it investigated the possibility of partnerships between internal and external controls. To unveil all these questions, internal controls of small counties and Court of Auditors of Minas Gerais State were taken as the object of this research. Furthermore, a qualitative approach was used, having formulated and tested 6 (six) research hypotheses, supported by theories of state capabilities, neoinstitutionalism, and interorganizational networks. The research findings revealed that entities studied do not have sufficient state capacity to meet the requested requirements; that these lacks capabilities are disregarded by the current legal system, by influential organizations in the field and by the Court of Accounts; that the dependency of Court of Auditors' trajectory was confirm, where despite of being focused on pedagogical actions regarding internal control, the Court did not kept distance from its supervisory role; that was also possible to verify the requirements of reciprocity, trust, and coherence, found in the theory of interorganizational networks, may indeed be present in eventual partnerships between external and internal controls.Item Coordenação e colaboração nos serviços de bombeiro : uma abordagem da experiência das brigadas municipais em Minas Gerais(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024-03-27) Carvalho, Elen Roberta Costa; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Carneiro, Ricardo; Carneiro, Ricardo; Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; Silva, Gustavo MeloThe contemporary era is characterized by global risks and threats stemming from modernization and progress, shaping the risk society according to Beck's perspective (2010). These challenges, referred to as "wicked problems" by Rittel and Webber (1973), require integrated and multidisciplinary approaches. In this context, fire services play a crucial role in managing uncertainties, which sometimes materialize as disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kiss nightclub fire, the consequences of seasonal climate extremes, and technological accidents like the Brumadinho dam collapse. Emphasizing the importance of decentralized public policies in the context of Brazilian federalism as a means of governmental action. In this panorama, this study explores, under the broader idea of "New" Governance, as defined by Peters (2018) as a set of adaptations of political and administrative activities to changes in the environment in pursuit of collective objectives. It underscores the need for adaptation in the public sector, focusing on the partnership between the Military Fire Department of Minas Gerais (CBMMG) and municipalities, materialized through a public agreement for the installation of Municipal Brigades. This arrangement, initiated in response to the “Kiss Law” (2017), between CBMMG, constitutionally responsible for coordinating and executing civil defense actions, and municipalities, represents an adaptation to the mentioned social, environmental and tecnolgical complexity, budgetary constraints, and the need to increase the coverage of fire services to more municipalities in Minas Gerais. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive approach and the triangulation of various research methods—including literature and document review, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and direct observation—the study investigates, through multiple case studies and content analysis, the coordination mechanisms, instruments, and barriers in the sharing of fire services for the municipal brigades of Astolfo Dutra, Itabirito, and Ipanema. The findings highlight the predominantly hierarchical and network-based hybrid nature of coordination mechanisms, as well as the existence of both literal and theoretical replication among brigades. Additionally, the study identifies the cross-sectoral nature of public policies interacting with fire services, including public safety, civil defense, health, and environmental policies, as well as the diversity of existing service models. For its thematic originality, the study for contributes to the understanding of the interaction between the sociology of risks, disasters, and governance, expanding the discussion on coordination and collaboration beyond the fields of health and education.Item Eficiência tributária, transferências constitucionais e perfil socioeconômico dos municípios de Minas Gerais: contribuições empíricas em torno da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional nº. 188/2019(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022-03-28) Sousa, André Azevedo; Ferreira Júnior, Sílvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7789533222493903; Ferreira Júnior, Sílvio; Barbosa, Lúcio Otávio Seixas; Wanderley, Cláudio Burian; Baptista, Antonio José Medina dos SantosThis theoretical-empirical research in the field of fiscal federalism aimed to estimate and to analyze the evolution of revenue efficiency – and its determinants - among the municipalities from the state of Minas Gerais from 2003 until 2018. The initial motivation for the study arose from the debate regarding the Constitutional Amendment Proposal n. 188/2019, currently on the Brazilian National Congress’ floor. Specifically in its article 6, the cited proposal determines that municipalities with lessthan 5 thousand inhabitants which fail to demonstrate their financial sustainability, defined as a minimum ratio of 10% between locally collected revenue and total revenue, would be incorporated to the neighbor city which presented the best results in that indicator. Based both on the theoretical discussions about fiscal federalism and on the empirical literature on Brazilian municipalitiesregarding the matter, a stochastic frontier model was developed in order to study the revenue efficiency of the 853 municipalities of Minas Gerais and its determinants, from 2003 until 2018. Population size, GDP (total and sectoral) and inflation were selected as explanatory variables for the locally collected revenue. To explain inefficiency, the weight of federal constitutional transfers (FPM) on the local GDP was employed, along with dummy variables associated with the election cycle and with the last municipality emancipation wave, which took place in the 1990s. In light of the results, the H0 hypothesis that no inefficiencies existed in municipal tax collection was rejected with 5% probability of type 1 error. Additionally, the study found that during the 2003-2018 horizon revenue efficiency of the municipalities behaved in a cyclical pattern which was associated to the electoral schedule, in the sense that higher inefficiency was identified during the local election years, as compared to non-election years. It was also verified that those municipalities emancipated during the 1990s were 27,1% more inefficient than the rest, after controlling for the effects of other explanatory variables of inefficiency. A negative correlation between the weight of FPM transfers on the local economy and revenue efficiency was also found. A conclusion was drawn that the criteria proposed by article 6 of the Constitutional Amendment Proposal n. 188/2019 are inadequate in face of the municipalities’ fiscal reality, considering that the results of the stochastic model indicate that even if the municipalities were able to be fully efficient regarding their revenue, the majority of them would be unable to achieve the 10% ratio between locally collected revenue and total revenue. At the end of the study, a new design for the proposition was suggested, in attempt to make the intended reform fairer, more rational and more democratic, in comparison with the initial proposal.Item Consórcios públicos interfederativos em Minas Gerais: arranjos intermunicipais para a gestão regional associada de políticas públicas(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2017-03-28) César, Paulo Sérgio Mendes; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Pereira, José Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9219649053207449; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084604177044476Most inter-municipal public consortia were created to meet the specific needs of municipal public services. Considering the current fiscal commitment that affects a large part of the municipal public administrations in Brazil, the present work proposes to investigate the phenomenon of the creation of interfederatives public consortia as a potential solution to the difficulties inherent to the implementation and execution of several public policies o Municipal competence. To do so, a priori, it discusses the Brazilian federal system, its main characteristics and values, passing through the theories of decentralization, the distribution of resources and the burden of fiscal federalism to the evolution and framing of the municipality in the current federal pact. Then, in order to better understand the logic of collective action, leaving the bibliography of Mancur Olson and similar, the work investigates the main aspects related to collective action, such as group size, positive and negative selective incentives, coercion mechanisms, among others. Thus, starting from the collective action, one arrives at the interfederative cooperation, studying the existing institutes in our country and its main characteristics. In addition to public consortia, administrative agreements, management contracts and associations of municipalities are investigated. Among these forms, the public consortiums figure in the proper chapter, ranging from the origins of their idealization, to their characteristics, advantages and peculiar constraints of the consortia. Then, entering the universe of public consortia in Minas Gerais and using secondary data from official sites, the work succinctly seeks to demonstrate the profile of the municipalities of Minas Gerais, to reveal the evolution and panorama of the consortia in the state, as well as to point out the occurrence of various aspects from Olson of consortium processes in Minas Gerais. The main incentives for consortiums by government or related entities are still investigated. Aiming to investigate the main motivations for the creation of consortiums of Minas Gerais, as well as to know their structures and perspectives, specific research was carried out, the results of whichItem Burocracia de médio escalão em contexto de crise: um estudo de caso sobre os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 nas políticas assistenciais de Belo Horizonte(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022-03-22) Guimarães, Flávia Alves; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084604177044476; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4333929511296586; Souza, Letícia Godinho; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Lotta, Gabriela SpangheroThis study proposes to verify if the pandemic of COVID-19 has caused changes in the necessary capabilities for the execution of the social assistance policies developed by the Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, Segurança Alimentar e Cidadania de Belo Horizonte (SMASAC), in 2020, and if these changes affected the performance of mid-level bureaucracy of the secretary. This is an exploratory and qualitative research study, which adopted the case study as its research strategy. The case study was operationalized in several stages: delimitation of the case-unit, theoretical review, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the findings. A literature research was conducted that privileged three theoretical dimensions: crisis management, state capacity, and mid-level bureaucracy. The year of 2019 was considered as a reference of the pre-pandemic period, and the year of 2020, for the pandemic period. To understand how SMASAC acted in both periods, a documentary research was conducted, which was based on access to legislation, technical notes, reports on the measures adopted by the municipal administration, management balance sheets, and budget statements. For the purposes of this study, the municipal policies of social assistance, food and nutritional security, and human rights were the social assistance policies evaluated. State capacity was considered as the set of capabilities required to carry out public policies and implement official objectives, privileging the administrative dimension of the concept. Considering the mid-level bureaucrats part of the arrangement of the capacity necessary to execute public policies, through semi-structured interviews and the application of a questionnaire, the perception of these actors from the intraorganizational dimension of public administration about the changes brought by the crisis was captured. By comparing the data obtained about the two periods considered in the research, it was possible to observe the effects of the public health emergency situation on the assistance policies that were being developed by SMASAC. If the objectives until 2019 were focused on the improvement of management and the expansion of priority offerings, in 2020, the guarantee of social protection and emergency food provision became the focus of management. The change in the agency's objectives had effects on the necessary capacities for the execution of public policies. As for the effects of the pandemic on the performance of the mid-level bureaucracy, based on the perceptions of the managers, it was noted that the crisis affected the work regime, the decision-making processes, the interactions with other actors, and the skills required to perform the functions of these government actors. It is expected that the considerations presented in this dissertation contribute to the production of knowledge about the effects of the pandemic of COVID-19 in public administration, especially in social assistance policies; that from the reading of this crisis context it has also been possible to uncover aspects of the performance of mid-level bureaucrats and, consequently, of the back office of municipal management in atypical situations.Item Municípios mineradores de Minas Gerais: dependência e vulnerabilidade sob a ótica das finanças públicas(2019) Longuinho, Vanessa Soares; Rezende, João Batista; Silveira, Glauber Flaviano; Leal Filho, Raimundo de SousaO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o grau de dependência e vulnerabilidade dos vinte principais municípios mineradores de Minas Gerais em relação à atividade extrativa mineral. Essa análise se faz necessária considerando o atual cenário de severa crise em que se encontra a mineração no país e, sobretudo, no estado de Minas Gerais, desencadeado por vários eventos negativos, entre eles o rompimento de duas barragens de rejeitos minerais, em Mariana e Brumadinho. Para tal, foram utilizados conceitos teóricos acerca das finanças públicas e das principais receitas ligadas à mineração, das características da atividade mineral e de suas especificidades a nível local, e da dependência gerada por esta. O conteúdo foi trazido de modo a contribuir com discussões futuras sobre o tema, dimensionar o impacto da possível paralisação nas atividades mineradoras e produzir contribuições no tocante às alternativas para que essa dependência seja minorada. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, utilizou-se de revisão bibliográfica acerca do conteúdo conectado com a temática tratada e de levantamento documental de dados referentes às principais receitas arrecadadas por esses municípios no período de 2014-2017. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que, em alguns dos municípios analisados, essas receitas representam parcela expressiva na receita total, o que demonstra um alto grau de dependência das finanças públicas destes em relação à atividade extrativa mineral. Por outro lado, apontou uma baixa dependência em outros municípios, o que demonstra uma maior diversificação produtiva destes. Por fim, foi realizado um dimensionamento do impacto das paralisações das atividades mineradoras no estado de Minas Gerais e nas finanças públicas de tais locais e concluiu-se que caso essas operações cessem de maneira definitiva, impactos negativos irão recair sobre a economia mineira, como a redução do PIB, perda de postos de trabalho e outras diversas consequências sobre setores ligados direta e indiretamente à atividade. Diante desse contexto, sugere-se uma reflexão frente ao papel dos três entes federativos na aplicação de políticas públicas efetivas de diversificação e de desenvolvimento e a implementação de ações previstas na Constituição Estadual de 1989.Item Descentralização e gestão de políticas públicas de segurança pública em nível local no Brasil: análise da agenda de desafios e potencialidades da implementação de políticas de segurança cidadã em municípios mineiros à luz do neoinstitucionalismo(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2019-03-26) Andrade, Rafael Lara Mazoni; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Souza, Letícia Godinho; Sapori, Luis FlávioIn the global state reform movement, many transformations have been implemented in an unthinking way or based on formalisms. In Brazil, there has been a relative success in the decentralization of certain public policies, such as public health, education and welfare. However, public security policies led by local levels of government are finding strong frictions engendered by multiple difficulties in implementing public policies. This paper discusses the potentialities and obstacles that the decentralization process in five different municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte brings. In order to do so, we analyzed their organizational structure, public policies and problem solving skills at local level. Tangentially, we also analyzed the adherence of the content of their public policies to the agenda advocated by the paradigm of citizen security, considered an important conceptual and practical framework for public safety management at local level. In addition to the bibliographical review, we used a systematic study based on the documentary analysis about the management of public policies of public security at local level, based on scientific and academic works, work plans, municipal safety plans, virtual sites, booklets, budget pieces, among others. Still, as a way to strengthen the findings of this documentary analysis, guaranteeing greater reliability to the study, we also used other procedures and research techniques. To do this, in order to obtain information that would not be accessible only through bibliographic research, we analyzed results of interviews and a systematic observation of meetings related to the management of public safety policies at local level. From the observations made in the field and the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to strengthen systematized knowledge from the bibliographic review, responding to the gaps cited by Pollitt (2005) and Ballesteros (2014), for whom the literature on decentralization is limited and devoid of applications in specific sectors, since decentralization has different implications in different places and contexts. The findings of this research are able to corroborate each of the obstacles and possibilities described by the literature on decentralization, applying nuances and vicissitudes of the management of public policies in the field of public security. The imbalances of interests, uncertainties of roles and frictions between actors add to the fragmentations engendered by discontinuities in the political-electoral process and to inequalities and capacity deficits to result in the obstacles mentioned by the bibliography. Finally, in the list of potentialities for decentralization, we analyzed the increment of scale adjustment, the possibility of adopting innovations and the greater proximity between governors and governed, which would allow greater and deeper social participation in the government activity. In addition, the results of the analysis reinforce the potential of applying the lens of neo-institutionalism and its theories to the reality reading of public sector organizations, as was done for the study of isomorphisms and path dependence. In the field of security at local level, it was possible to observe that (i) organizations incorporate externally legitimized practices, which occurs regardless of the efficiency they produce, but from the assumption of adequacy - which would generate legitimacy to strengthen their support and enable their survival; (ii) organizations adopt external or ceremonial evaluation criteria to define organizational structure values, in order to present their supposed adequacy to the environment, which increases their internal power; and (iii) dependence on the organization of external institutions would lead to the reduction of conflicts and greater stability, from guaranteeing support, protection against turbulence and damping of change. It is also possible to confirm several of the predictors of institutionalization described by DiMaggio and Powell (2005), especially regarding the greater presence of isomorphisms in the ambiguity of goals and roles given to an organization - as in the case of municipal secretariats and civil guards - , which makes them conform to other successful organizations - which in most cases happens to be PM - because organizations with ambiguous goals rely more on appearances to legitimize, as well as engendering a cushioning of conflicts.