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Item Federalismo e política ambiental subnacional : indução, coordenação e desafios envolvendo unidades de conservação na Amazônia(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2025) Oliveira, Gabriel Creão de; Cabral, Eugênia RosaA política ambiental é pauta central nas disputas políticas nacionais e regionais, principalmente na Amazônia. Na dimensão da relação federativa entre entes, a literatura aponta desafios de coordenação e indução de políticas públicas pelo governo federal às instâncias estaduais e municipais, além de complexidades na interação e na cooperação entre distintas burocracias de mesmo nível de governo. O eixo estruturante da política ambiental é a demarcação de áreas protegidas, territórios com tratamento legal específico, sendo a criação de Unidades de Conservação (UCs) um ato do Poder Executivo e resultado de um processo deliberativo que envolve diversas arenas decisórias e múltiplas disputas de atores. Este estudo objetiva analisar a coordenação de políticas públicas ambientais pelo governo federal em relação aos entes subnacionais, observando a criação de UCs estaduais criadas nos estados da região amazônica de 2000 até 2024. Quanto à metodologia, faz-se uso de desenho metodológico qualitativo, de natureza descritiva, observando a relação da criação de UCs estaduais com programas federais e utilizando dados oficiais fornecidos pelo Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (Cnuc), vinculado ao Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Foram elaborados quadros e tabelas descritivas que apontam as variações e as relações entre variáveis. Quanto aos resultados, apesar da literatura apontar que a política subnacional é coordenada por indução do governo federal, por meio de programas e convênios, verificou-se que a grande maioria das UCs criadas na região não possui relação com esses programas, demonstrando outros fatores explicativos nas decisões políticas, além de outros achados.Item Licenciamento ambiental: as novas propostas para a sua (des)regulamentação em tramitação no Congresso Nacional(2021) Silva, Thaysa Sonale Almeida; Carneiro, Ricardo; Brasil, Flávia de Paula DuqueO presente trabalho propõe-se a examinar as principais propostas de mudanças no arcabouço institucional do licenciamento ambiental brasileiro em tramitação no Congresso Nacional durante a legislatura encerrada em 2018, à luz da noção de regulação estatal. A partir de uma abordagem analítico-descritiva apoiada em levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais, verificou-se que as mudanças institucionais propostas são informadas por uma percepção do licenciamento ambiental como um processo excessivamente burocratizado que constitui um óbice ao desenvolvimento e voltam-se na direção de sua simplificação, tendo em vista conferir maior celeridade à concessão de licenças. Ao final, conclui-se que as novas regras trazem, em seu bojo, o estreitamento das possibilidades de participação da sociedade no processo, bem como de órgãos intervenientes, e a aceleração do trâmite procedimental para a emissão de licenças, afetando o potencial de o instrumento cumprir efetivamente os propósitos delineados na política ambiental de prevenir e mitigar os impactos das atividades socioeconômicas sobre o meio ambiente.Item A (in)efetividade do licenciamento ambiental da atividade de mineração de ferro no estado de Minas Gerais: uma análise das deliberações da Câmara de Atividades Minerárias do Conselho Estadual de Política Ambiental(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Catão, Camila Lopes Malveira; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Carneiro, Ricardo; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Santos, Raquel de Oliveira TeixeiraThe present research is dedicated to the analysis of the environmental licensing system for iron ore mining activities, conceived as a fundamental instrument of state regulation which, in turn, is intended to control the sector's economic activity and to promote environmental justice. Considering the current developmentalist economic policy and the relevance of mining activities for the state's economy, it is clear that environmental governance in Minas Gerais tends to accommodate demands from the business sector, which, supported by promises of promoting sustainable development and the consequent generation of employment and income, maintains the extractive model of mineral production that contributes to the perpetuation of the situation of economic dependence to which municipalities already heavily weakened by mining are subjected. In this context, it is important to highlight the intensification of conflicts and environmental injustices, due to the confrontation of interests between economic, state, and social agents. It is understood that the constitutive elements of such a problem are faithfully represented in the course of the decisionmaking processes regarding the granting of environmental licenses to iron ore extraction enterprises, in the scope of the Chamber of Mining Activities of the State Council of Environmental Policy of Minas Gerais (CMI/Copam). This deliberative arena brings together representatives of the state and business sectors, in addition to environmental movements that act in opposition to mining, in view of the environmentally degrading impacts imposed by the activity, disproportionately, on members of local communities. In this sense, an important tool for empirical analysis is the analysis of the minutes of the environmental permit analysis and deliberation sessions at the CMI, highlighting, through the analysis of the council members' manifestations, the nature of the perceptions and the rationalities that guide the decisions made, relating them to the interests that the segment represented on the Council defends. The data obtained point to the ineffectiveness of the environmental licensing system at CMI/Copam, revealing the institutional inability of environmental management in line with the 1988 Federal Constitution, the prevalence of economic and public-institutional arrangements and strategies aimed at facilitating the procedure for the benefit of business interests, practices that configure distinct forms of regulatory capture, the use of social contestation strategies as a form of opposition to mining. Finally, we conclude that the iron ore mining licensing system calls for reformulations in order to make the granting of licenses more rigorous, breaking with the prevailing developmentalist logic, which presupposes the granting of environmental licenses as a practically compulsory or automatic administrative act.Item Contratações públicas sustentáveis: análise das barreiras no caso do Banco Central do Brasil(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2018-03-01) Torres Filho, Dalmir Machado; Fahel, Murilo Cássio Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8223101141977871; Meirelles, Anthero de Moraes; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Ferreira Júnior, SílvioThe possible existence of a global scale environmental crisis has increased the debates about the impacts arising from the uncontrolled consumption of goods and services. In these debates, the role of the State as a major consumer has assumed prominence, leading several countries to insert sustainability criteria in their contracting. In order to contribute to these policies aimed at the State purchasing power inducing greater market sustainability, this work aims to identify the main barriers to Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) in the case of the Central Bank of Brazil. A bibliographical and documentary review was carried out regarding the evolution of SPP at the international and national levels as a background to a qualitative-quantitative methodology, with data collection through semi-structured interviews (Appendices 2 and 3) and questionnaires (Appendix I). The barriers perceived by the respondents were prioritized taking into account the degree and dispersion of answers. Thus, the more the opinions are consonant that the issue constitutes a significant barrier, the higher is the priority. In this way, it was possible to identify that the higher costs, the difficulty of identifying the most sustainable products and services, the prejudice of some applicants against these products and the lack of specific training are the main barriers faced. On the other hand, the organization supports sustainable contracting, the employees attach importance to this policy and understand why it is used. Statistically analyzing the barriers in relation to the profile of the respondent, the existence of a correlation with some questions was verified, especially with reference to the personal formation in social or environmental themes, the conclusion of postgraduate studies and the exercise of position in commission. Among the most important barriers, however, only the lack of training complaint is related to the server profile.Item Intersetorialidade e mudanças climáticas : desafios na política local de Belo Horizonte(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2025) Borges, Mariana Ramos; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Costa, Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Carneiro, Ricardo; Machado, José AngeloThis research is a case study of Belo Horizonte9s climate action policy, analyzed through the lens of cross-sector strategies. Coordinated by the Municipal Secretariat for the Environment with support from the Municipal Committee on Climate Change and Ecoefficiency (CMMCE), the policy aims to articulate agencies and entities in the formulation and implementation of measures. Climate change is a complex, multidimensional problem that requires collaboration of sectors that operate under their own internal logics and often seek to preserve decision-making autonomy and control over resources. The main objective of the research is to explore sectoral variation in its implications for cross-sector strategies, analyzing which sectors demonstrate a greater propensity for integration, which resist it, and the factors that explain these differences. To this end, an analytical model was developed, integrating five normative assumptions (or pillars) of cross-sector strategies with the specific dimensions and resources of the involved sectors. The model posits that sectoral specificities determine the decision to engage in cross-sector strategies. This study adopts a qualitative approach, combining document analysis, in-depth interviews and participant observation. Additionally, quantitative methods were used to explore asymmetries across the involved sectors. The empirical analysis is structured around the five pillars of cross-sector strategies. The findings indicate that the CMMCE functions more as a space for knowledge exchange and information dissemination than as an instance capable of ensuring cross-sector actions. Legal and financial parameters indicate the inclusion of the topic in municipal financing and the institutionalization of policy instruments, but without clear mechanisms to encourage or sanction integrated sectoral action. A detailed analysis of four policy sectors - Superintendence of Urban Cleaning (SLU), Urbel, Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB), and Department of Urban Water Management (Dgau/Smobi) - concerning the remaining pillars revealed significant variations in adherence to the cross-sector strategy, whose explanatory factors align with the proposed model. It is concluded that cross-sector collaboration is not limited to the formal creation of institutional arenas or regulations; rather, it depends on the convergence among the specific dimensions and resources of the sectors involved and the intersectoral policy.