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O controle interno de pequenos municípios, na perspectiva de seus responsáveis, e sua relação com o Tribunal de Contas
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2022) Bonfante, Giovanna; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Carneiro, Ricardo; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Ferreira, Diogo Ribeiro
This research sought to ‘give voice’ to counties internal controllers with less than 10,000 (ten thousand) inhabitants, to know, in depth, the realities and state capabilities of these federative entities and, to verify how, in fact, these entities works and to understand, from the perspective of its responsibles, how the role of the Court of Auditors and its requirements for counties internal controls are perceived. On the other hand, it tried to see the understanding of Court of Accounts actions by the counties representative’s point of view. Finally, it investigated the possibility of partnerships between internal and external controls. To unveil all these questions, internal controls of small counties and Court of Auditors of Minas Gerais State were taken as the object of this research. Furthermore, a qualitative approach was used, having formulated and tested 6 (six) research hypotheses, supported by theories of state capabilities, neoinstitutionalism, and interorganizational networks. The research findings revealed that entities studied do not have sufficient state capacity to meet the requested requirements; that these lacks capabilities are disregarded by the current legal system, by influential organizations in the field and by the Court of Accounts; that the dependency of Court of Auditors' trajectory was confirm, where despite of being focused on pedagogical actions regarding internal control, the Court did not kept distance from its supervisory role; that was also possible to verify the requirements of reciprocity, trust, and coherence, found in the theory of interorganizational networks, may indeed be present in eventual partnerships between external and internal controls.
Sistemas Subnacionais de Monitoramento e Avaliação de Políticas Públicas: uma descrição dos casos do município de Niterói, e estados do Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais
(2023) Ribeiro, Diana Coelho; Assis, Marcos Arcanjo de
O tema deste trabalho são os Sistemas de Monitoramento e Avaliação (SM&A) de políticas públicas, estruturas articuladas e integradas de normas, diretrizes, governança, atividades e instrumentos de ação, definidos e utilizados pelos governos tanto para desenhar e implementar programas públicos de forma mais consistente quanto para tomar decisões mais acertadas e orientadas à produção de valor público. Realiza-se uma descrição dos sistemas subnacionais de monitoramento e avaliação de Niterói, Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais, com o foco em oito critérios considerados pela literatura para, então, comparar essas três experiências recentes. O estudo eminentemente exploratório foi realizado com a leitura e intepretação de dados e informações disponíveis nos portais oficiais dos referidos governos coletados e sistematizados em um quadro comparativo. Concluiu-se que, os sistemas subnacionais de monitoramento e avaliação das três localidades do sudeste têm a sua forma de governança descentralizada e o seu nível de contexto, messocontextual. Ademais, podese inferir que de acordo com Jannuzzi (2016), alguns dos princípios que norteiam os sistemas, como a Confidencialidade, Credibilidade, Transparência e Ética pública fazem-se presentes. A composição da estrutura de governança dos sistemas, dividida em comitês, comissões, núcleos de monitoramento e órgãos finalísticos, tem como forma de financiamento os recursos próprios dos órgãos e transferência de recursos governamentais -no caso do Espírito Santo, e investimentos da Fundação João Pinheiro, no caso mineiro. Os instrumentos de operação dos sistemas, a saber: Guia de Avaliação de Políticas Públicas de Niterói, Relatório Anual de Monitoramento e Avaliação do Espírito Santo – ciclos de 2018 a 2022 e o Plano Anual de Monitoramento e Avaliação do Governo de Minas Gerais, juntamente com o 1º Relatório Anual de Compromisso com o Valor Público de Minas Gerais – 2022, tiveram a avaliação ex post, somativa e de resultados e impacto, a partir da transparência no acesso de seus resultados avaliativos.
As finanças públicas de Minas Gerais: uma análise das regras fiscais e da economia mineira entre 2011 e 2022
(2023) Lopes, Pedro Baccarini Prazeres; Souza, Carla Cristina Aguilar de
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento das finanças públicas de Minas Gerais entre 2011 e 2022, especialmente o comportamento desta frente à pandemia da Covid-19. Para tanto, inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e documental para discussão do papel do estado na economia e do federalismo fiscal brasileiro, bem como para apresentar as principais medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia adotadas pelo país e pelo estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com abordagem quantitativa sobre os dados de receitas e despesas, endividamento, resultado orçamentário e limites legais constitucionais, entre 2011 e 2022, disponíveis no Portal da Transparência e na Secretaria de Estado da Fazenda de Minas Gerais. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as receitas orçamentárias não diminuíram em Minas Gerais, pelo contrário, se expandiram, inclusive durante a pandemia de coronavírus. As despesas tiveram um crescimento durante o período, porém inferior ao das receitas. Em relação à dívida, o Estado de Minas aumentou significativamente o pagamento de juros e amortização da dívida estadual, sobretudo no período da pandemia. Com relação aos limites legais constitucionais, todos se encontram dentro do limite legal.
Coordenação e colaboração nos serviços de bombeiro : uma abordagem da experiência das brigadas municipais em Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024-03-27) Carvalho, Elen Roberta Costa; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Carneiro, Ricardo; Carneiro, Ricardo; Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; Silva, Gustavo Melo
The contemporary era is characterized by global risks and threats stemming from modernization and progress, shaping the risk society according to Beck's perspective (2010). These challenges, referred to as "wicked problems" by Rittel and Webber (1973), require integrated and multidisciplinary approaches. In this context, fire services play a crucial role in managing uncertainties, which sometimes materialize as disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kiss nightclub fire, the consequences of seasonal climate extremes, and technological accidents like the Brumadinho dam collapse. Emphasizing the importance of decentralized public policies in the context of Brazilian federalism as a means of governmental action. In this panorama, this study explores, under the broader idea of "New" Governance, as defined by Peters (2018) as a set of adaptations of political and administrative activities to changes in the environment in pursuit of collective objectives. It underscores the need for adaptation in the public sector, focusing on the partnership between the Military Fire Department of Minas Gerais (CBMMG) and municipalities, materialized through a public agreement for the installation of Municipal Brigades. This arrangement, initiated in response to the “Kiss Law” (2017), between CBMMG, constitutionally responsible for coordinating and executing civil defense actions, and municipalities, represents an adaptation to the mentioned social, environmental and tecnolgical complexity, budgetary constraints, and the need to increase the coverage of fire services to more municipalities in Minas Gerais. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive approach and the triangulation of various research methods—including literature and document review, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and direct observation—the study investigates, through multiple case studies and content analysis, the coordination mechanisms, instruments, and barriers in the sharing of fire services for the municipal brigades of Astolfo Dutra, Itabirito, and Ipanema. The findings highlight the predominantly hierarchical and network-based hybrid nature of coordination mechanisms, as well as the existence of both literal and theoretical replication among brigades. Additionally, the study identifies the cross-sectoral nature of public policies interacting with fire services, including public safety, civil defense, health, and environmental policies, as well as the diversity of existing service models. For its thematic originality, the study for contributes to the understanding of the interaction between the sociology of risks, disasters, and governance, expanding the discussion on coordination and collaboration beyond the fields of health and education.
Aplicação do modelo de gestão em rede organizacional às políticas públicas de segurança : o caso da política de integração do sistema de Defesa Social de Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2014-03-26) Figueiredo, Amanda Mátar de; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562452176702956; Batitucci, Eduardo Cerqueira; Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da; Sapori, Luís Flávio
The Government of the State of Minas Gerais implemented from 2003 a set of actions, restructuring institutions and governance of the public safety policy, which sets out the institutional arrangement called "Social Defense System" and public policy called "Integration Policy of Social Defense System". Innovation in governance was assigned to horizontal and collegiate model, driven policy that works within the establishment, for all interventions, of thematic integrated instances. This dissertation proposes an analysis of the conformation of the Integration Policy, from references of the fields of public management and neo-institutionalism theory, concerning the dynamics of the network and the construction of legitimacy. The intention was to analyze relevant issues to the present model of governance of public security, which refer not only to the trajectory and characteristics of the formation of organizational network, as well as its intersection with aspects of the institutional context. Qualitative methodology was applied, combining descriptive and exploratory elements from literature and documents from secondary sources, composed of the documents produced by the Social Defense System in the context of projects and activities of the Integration Policy (legislation, documents, technical reports, etc.), as well as a set of semi-structured interviews and workshops conducted by João Pinheiro Foundation for the project of the 2013-2015 State Plan for Social Defense. The conclusion is that, in a context strongly marked by path dependency, disarticulation, imbalances of power and legitimacy, the application of network governance demonstrated a potentially qualified path to institutionalize dialogue and seek more objective parameters to the minimum necessary coordination implementation of built and run multi-managed policies, such as the public safety policies in Minas Gerais.
Contratualização de resultados : a experiência na gestão operacional da Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2024) Machado, Luiz Eduardo Mateus; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5043394873182841; Nascimento, Luís Felipe Zilli do; Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da; Sapori, Luís Flávio; Pereira, Eduardo Godinho
The landscape of Brazilian public administration underwent significant transformations, particularly from the latter half of the 1990s onwards. These changes permeated Minas Gerais notably in the early 2000s, impacting various sectors, including public security. Within this framework, the management of the Minas Gerais Military Police traversed three distinct phases known as the "Results Police," "Scientific Police Control," and "Integrated Police" over subsequent years. However, between 2015 and 2016, the State encountered its highest recorded crime rates. Confronted with this challenging scenario, the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG), drawing from past models, introduced a novel management paradigm for overt policing termed "Operational Performance Management" (GDO). Rooted in the principles of New Public Management, particularly the contractualization of outcomes, this methodology aimed to address the exigencies of the situation. Consequently, this study endeavors to analyze PMMG's development and implementation of a results-based contractual odel for overt policing in Minas Gerais. The significance of this investigation is underscored by the pioneering adoption of such methodologies within the domain of public security management, coupled with its potential for replication across various sectors within PMMG and other public institutions. Moreover, the advent of a new epoch in public security management in Minas Gerais, characterized by the technical sophistication of operational governance, is perceptible. The research methodology employed encompasses theoretical groundwork on result-oriented contractualization, tracing its evolution and application within the Brazilian context, alongside an examination of the societal role of law enforcement, a historical delineation of the Minas Gerais military police, and an exploration of public security management models in both Brazil and Minas Gerais, with particular emphasis on PMMG's approach. Through exhaustive documentary scrutiny, direct observation, and comprehensive interviews, it becomes evident that the Minas Gerais military police organization adopted a unique, tailored model of results-oriented contractual management, accommodating its hierarchical and military structure.
Análise da eficácia dos gastos com saúde nos municípios de Minas Gerais e dos Pareceres do TCEMG
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2020) Duarte, Luiza Amâncio Ferreira; Ferreira, Frederico Poley Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1448397981510363; Ferreira Júnior, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7789533222493903; Ferreira Júnior, Sílvio; Ferreira, Frederico Poley Martins; Wanderley, Cláudio Burian; Pinto, Luciana Moraes Raso Sardinha
Starting with decentralization and fiscal autonomy instituted in Brazilian states and cities by the Federal Constitution of 1988, a whole normative apparatus was consolidated aiming to assure the sub-national parties in applying public resources in health actions and services, culminating in the Complementary Law number 141 of January 13, 2012, which regulates paragraph 3 of the Constitution’s article 1988, when discoursing on minimum values to be applied annually be the Union, States, Federal District, and Cities in Public Health Actions and Services, tying income and expenses to these expenses. Cities are required to apply at least 15% of their own municipal resources in health actions and services, and the State’s Courts of Auditors, as well as external control institutions, have to aid the Legislative Power on the inspection of the fulfillment of this requirement. However, according to the analysis made by the inspection organ of the cities accountabilities, the focus is in the conformity regarding the application of at least the minimum percentage required, not taking into account other aspects of the municipal profile, such as the quality of the expense, differences in socioeconomic profiles, or health needs, for example. Previous analyses of opinions emitted by the Minas Gerais Court of Auditors regarding the application of the State’s cities own resources allows to detect absence of clarity and objectiveness regarding the criteria established by the inspecting organ. Previous poll of the emitted opinions up to the beginning of this research indicates that, basically, these opinions analyze if the applied percentage was greater or equal to the required minimum, whereas many cases still use the insignificance principle to approve some municipal bills that present percentages below, but not far, from the required minimum. Thus, two main questions motivate the development of this research: (1) how did the institution of mandatory application of own resources shape the municipal managers behavior in applying their resources in levels proportional to their specific needs in their health system? (2) How did the results of the opinions emitted by the TCEMG - notedly regarding the cities that applied own resources below the minimum required by law - present themselves coherent to the socioeconomic profiles and health needs? Regarding this paper’s contribution to the reflection on the theme, as well as for the work of legislators and public managers, including the Court of Auditors of the State of Minas Gerais, this paper’s objective is to highlight the importance of considering a wider spectrum of information of the municipal profiles, when analyzing the percentage of resources applied in the health system. The quantitative method approach involved crossing municipal data on the percentage of own resources applied to health actions and services with data on the city’s profile, such as GDP per capita, the population percentage that is poor, and levels of necessity in health. Furthermore, the method involved crossing the applied percentage with the existing municipal coverage of HR professionals in the health system, as well as estimates of possible coverage expansion., especially in those cities that failed to apply at least the minimal 15%. Amongst the obtained results, disparate situations were observed, such as cities that failed to apply the minimum required by the constitution, but are characterized as valid due to the low percentage of the population that is poor, high GDP per capita and low need in the health system, while the other group of cities showcase high necessities in healthcare , high percentage of poor population, and low GDP per capita, but who apply percentages of own resources close to the legal required minimum. These evidences allows to conclude that current legislation, as well as external control, limit themselves on encouraging cities to apply their resources in levels close to the minimum required by law, not having a mechanism that can stimulate cities in worse healthcare condition and poverty to apply their resources in levels proportionally higher, while cities in more favorable conditions of healthcare and economic port are obligated to apply resources on the required percentage when, apparently, a smaller contribution would suffice.
Papel das ouvidorias : estudo de caso da Ouvidoria Geral do Estado de Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2014) Garcia, Ana Paula Prado; Pinto, Luciana Moraes Raso Sardinha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4519213255441318
This paper presents the role of the Public Ombudsman and specifically presents a case study of the Ombudsman of the State of Minas Gerais. Initially, it presents a comparison of the major democratic conceptions, emphasizing the view that each of them develops the concept of participation in the functioning of democracy. This paper shows the origin and historical repercussions of the institute of the "Ombudsman", in Sweden as well as the trajectory of the institute in Brazil. Then, it presents the legal treatment given to popular participation and to the Ombudsman at the federal and at the State of Minas Gerais. It shows the role of the Ombudsman in Minas Gerais, so there are exposed the main features of this institution, and its key initiatives. It also presents general considerations about the Ombudsman in five other states in Brazil. The study shows that the Public Ombudsman arise as a tool in support of democratic deepening. However, it is noted that the institute needs more attention to its improvement and to achieve greater legitimacy in its actions.
Participação social e agenda feminista : a incidência das deliberações das conferências estaduais de saúde na produção de políticas públicas para as mulheres em Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2025) Oliveira, Bruno Reis de; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4333929511296586; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4666930977365902; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Souza, Letícia Godinho de; Carneiro, Ricardo; Paradis, Clarisse Goulart; Carmo, Maria do
The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) has participation as one of its fundamental principles, which is mainly exercised through management councils and health conferences. This dissertation aims to analyze the relationship between the state health conferences held in Minas Gerais and the incorporation of their deliberations into government planning, focusing on public policies related to women9s health. The research question guiding this study was: to what extent do the deliberations of state health conferences influence the formulation of public policies for women in the state? The research is based on a qualitative approach, using documentary analysis of conference reports and State Health Plans, as well as semi-structured interviews with female actors involved in the participatory process and government management of SUS-MG. The analytical framework is developed from the perspective of hermeneutic-dialectical analysis (MINAYO, 2002, 2004, 2012). The study adopts, as a theoretical reference, discussions on democratic theory, participatory institutions – focusing on conferences – and the feminist movement in Brazil, including its history, demands, and influence on health policies. The results indicate that although health conferences are important spaces for participation and deliberation, their effectiveness in policy formulation still faces challenges. It was found that there is a gap between the guidelines approved in these spaces and their incorporation into State Health Plans, with this discrepancy being influenced by factors such as government ideology, the technical capacity of public administration, and institutional resistance to certain agendas. Additionally, it was observed that female participation in these processes, although significant, does not ensure full representation of gender, class, and racial diversity, limiting the scope of policies from an intersectional perspective. The research highlights the need to improve mechanisms that ensure greater effectiveness in incorporating conference deliberations into government planning. It is suggested that future studies expand the analysis to other federative units and adopt comparative approaches that provide a broader view of the impact of participatory institutions on the formulation of public policies aimed at women's health.
Accountability por resultados na administração pública : estudo de caso de auditorias operacionais realizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais
(Fundação João Pinheiro, 2014-03-26) Couto, Daniel Uchôa Costa; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4666930977365902; Carneiro, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739881018308220; Carneiro, Ricardo; Brasil, Flávia de Paula Duque; Souza, Rosânia Rodrigues de; Ckagnazaroff, Ivan Beck
The Constitution of 1988 (CR/88) assigned to the Courts of Auditors (TCs) an important role in the national accountability system, in view of the accounting, financial, budgetary, operational and patrimonial oversight of public administration. The competency for conducting performance audits (AOPs), innovation brought by CR/88, has provided important tool for operational control by TCs, aimed at examining the performance of agencies or entities or the results of policies or public programs. However, implementation of AOPs requires the referred control agencies face challenges and difficulties, in view of the combination of accountability for results with accountability of regularity, traditionally realized, whose focus refers to the verification of compliance with rules and procedures prearranged with the potential punishment of managers in case of irregularities. This research sought to examine whether the AOPs have been able to move beyond compliance audits, i.e. check which has been the scope and limits of the control exercised by those audits. To do this, were examined the techniques and methods of audit used, as well as the approaches and audits criteria adopted. It has also sought to verify how has being faced challenges in the implementation of AOPs, in the light of the literature, involving: the combination of accountability of regularity with accountability for results, information asymmetry between auditors and auditees, the need for establishment of partnership between them and the implementation of recommendations made by the TC. Furthermore, the use of the information presented in the final report of AOPs by entities involved in the programs audited has been examined. As methodological strategy for data collection, it has been proceeded to the desk review of the final report of the AOPs realized by TCEMG selected and to the application of questionnaires, both at the external and the internal levels of the referred control agency. The results revealed that the AOPs were able to move beyond compliance audits, to produce and present information suitable to contribute to the improvement of the audited public programs and to the improvement of accountability. However, it has been noticed several points indicative of the need for investment and improvements relating to the TC and to the agencies or to the entities subject to such audits. It has also been assessed challenges for the performance of AOPs, notably the resistance of representatives of entities involved in the programs to be submitted to AOP and fears about the possible negative political repercussions of the findings of the audits.

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